Apakah Anjing itu Najis?
Anjing Pemburu
Pernahkah anda mengalami hal-hal berikut ini?
1. Ketika tiba di Melbourne airport, anjing-anjing pengendus narkoba atau bahan-bahan ilegal lainnya mulai beraksi dengan mengendus tas anda. Kadangkala badan anjing tersebut menyentuh tas anda. Anda menjadi tidak tenang karenanya.
2. Bertamu ke rumah orang australia yang memelihara anjing dirumahnya atau homestay di rumah yang ada anjingnya?
3. Ada non-muslim yang bertanya kenapa orang Islam tidak boleh menyentuh anjing?
4. Ada anjing sedang menyeberang jalan di Jakarta, tapi anda terus tancap gas hingga menabrak anjing tersebut dan mati. Anda tidak merasa bersalah karena anjing adalah makhluk najis. Jadi ditabrakpun tidak apa-apa.
Mungkin untuk pertanyaan pertama, anda akan segera mencuci tas anda dengan air tanah 7 kali. Dalam kasus kedua, anda berusaha untuk tidak pergi ke rumah orang tersebut. Dalam pertanyaan ketiga, anda akan menjawab bahwa Islam melarang kita menyentuh anjing. Dalam kasus keempat, kasus tabrak lari anjing banyak terjadi. Herannya kalau ada kucing yang menyeberang jalan, maka si pengendara berusaha mati-matian menghindari tabrakan dengan kucing tersebut. Takut kualat katanya.
Marilah kita bahas topik ini. Setelah anda membaca tulisan ini, maka terserah anda mau mengikuti pendapat yang mana saja. Mungkin anda merasa terkejut berat, karena belum pernah mendengarnya.
Ok, mari kita bertanya: Benarkah dalam Islam mutlak disebutkan bahwa anjing itu najis?
Anda menjawab: “Betul. Itulah yang saya pelajari ketika saya sekolah dulu”.
Wait a minute. Tidak semudah itu sobat.
Memang benar dalam mazhab al-Syafi`iy dan Hanbali, seluruh anjing adalah najis. Inilah yang kita pelajari di Indonesia, karena Indonesia mayoritas menganut mazhab Syafi’i secara turun-temurun.
Sedangkan mazhab Maliki berpendapat bahawa mulut, lidah dan air liur anjing bukanlah najis. Nah lo…
Mazhab Hanafi berada dipertengahan, di mana mereka berpendapat anjing bukan najis, namun mulut, lidah dan air liurnya adalah najis.
Tahukah anda apa pendapat yang lebih kuat (ini bukan menurut saya loh, karena saya bukan mujtahid)?
Pendapat yang lebih kuat adalah pendapat dari mazhab Maliki dan Hanafi. Sedangkan yang lebih kuat diantara keduanya adalah pendapat dari mazhab Maliki yaitu anjing tidak najis termasuklah air liurnya.
Ini bukan pendapat saya loh, tapi pendapat ulama-ulama yang terkenal, salah satunya adalah Syaikh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi. Syaikh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi berkata:
Sedangkan saya sendiri (al-Qaradhawi) cenderung pada pendapat Imam Malik bahwa semua yang hidup adalah suci. Demikianlah juga dengan anjing. Dalam zatnya dia suci. Oleh sebab itulah, dibolehkan bagi kita untuk memakan hasil buruannya. Dan perintah Nabi untuk mencuci apa yang dijilat anjing adalah sesuatu yang bersifat ta’abbudi. Sedangkan penemuan ilmu moderen tentang sesuatu yang menyangkut air liur anjing bahwa di dalamnya ada penyakit-penyakit, kemungkinan penemuan selanjutnya akan lebih mengejutkan.” Sekian. al-Qaradhawi dalam bukunya yang terbaru – Fiqh al-Thaharah (edisi Indonesia atas judul yang sama, al-Kautsar, Jakarta 2004), hal 21-22.
Seterusnya timbul pertanyaan – Jika anjing tidak najis, haruskah kita mencuci jilatannya jika ia menjilat kita atau perkakas kita?
Jawabannya ya, berdasarkan hadis Rasulullah S.A.W yang menyuruh kita mencuci jilatan anjing. Kita mencucinya bukan kerana ia najis tetapi kerana taat kepada perintah Rasulullah S.A.W.
Lalu bagaimana cara mencucinya?
Pendapat pertengahan (moderat) yang mendekati hadis-hadis Rasulullah S.A.W ialah mencuci jilatan anjing dengan tujuh kali basuhan diawali dengan campuran tanah. Akan tetapi jika tidak ditemui tanah, atau pada saat itu tidak sesuai menggunakan tanah, maka dibolehkan menggunakan sabun atau apa saja yang sifatnya menyucikan. Ini kerana mencuci jilatan anjing termasuk dalam bab ketaatan kepada perintah syari`at, dan ketaatan ini berdasarkan kemampuan setiap individu berdasarkan kemudahan dan kesusahan yang dihadapinya. Jika menghadapi kesusahan untuk mentaatinya maka syari`at memberi kelonggaran sekedar yang perlu saja.
Anda bertanya lagi: “Kalau anjing tidak najis, boleh dipelihara dong? Anak saya pingin sekali punya anjing pudel. Cute, katanya”.
Boleh! Tapi hanya untuk beberapa keperluan saja yaitu sebagai anjing penjaga rumah, anjing pemburu, dan anjing penunjuk jalan (untuk orang buta misalnya). Sedangkan untuk dipelihara dalam rumah, Nabi SAW tidak menggalakkannya, karena dengan beberapa alasan berikut:
- Malaikat tidak akan masuk rumah yang ada anjingnya
. Jangan keburu senang dulu. Cuma Malaikat Jibril dan Rahmat tidak akan masuk rumah yang ada anjingnya. Sedangkan malaikat maut pencabut nyawa tetap masuk ke rumah tersebut. Rugi dong. - Pahala seseorang akan dikurangi setiap harinya sebesar satu mata uang emas kalau memelihara anjing di dalam rumahnya. Syeikh Yusuf alQardhawi berkata, hukum memelihara anjing sebagai pet (hobi) adalah haram, yakni diharamkan oleh RasuluLlah saw. Dalilnya: Dari Sufyan bin Abu Zuhair, bahawa Nabi saw bersabda,” Barangsiapa memelihara anjing bukan untuk menjaga ladang atau ternak, maka setiap hari pahalanya berkurang satu qirath.” [Bukhari-Muslim dan semua ahli hadith yg lain] Inilah juga pendapat majoriti madzhab, antaranya Syafi’iy, Hambali, Maliki dan Zahiri ( alMajmuu’, IX/234). Hayooo…, siapa yang mau dikurangin pahalanya? Sudah dosa banyak, pahalanya dikorting lagi.
“Bang, mana buktinya kalau anjing tidak najis? Jangan ngomong doang. Nanti pak utadz tempat saya mengaji marah loh”.
Ok, silakan kunjungi website berikut, dan dengar ceramah mengenai anjing (free, cuma perlu internet access saja):
http://al-ahkam.net/home/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=15136
Atau kalau anda singgah ke KL (Kuala Lumpur), bolehlah beli buku dibawah ini:
Himpunan Risalah Dalam Beberapa Persoalan Ummah, Buku 3
Oleh: Hafiz Firdaus Abdullah
Atau kalau “hometown” anda di indonesia, cari buku Syaikh Yusuf al-Qaradhawi yang berjudul Fiqh al-Thaharah. Penerbit al-Kautsar, Jakarta 2004, halaman 21-22.
Setelah anda mengetahui bahwa anjing itu tidak najis, setelah pulang ke Indonesia, jangan coba-coba memeluk anjing didepan warga RT/RW yang sedang gotong royong ya? Karena mereka akan kaget berat melihat kemesraan anda dengan anjing tersebut. Jangan-jangan mereka akan menyucikan anda dengan air tanah secara keroyokan…he…he…he… Ingat, masyarakat Indonesia pada umumnya menganut mazhab Syafi’i yang menyatakan bahwa anjing itu najis.
http://al-ahkam.net/home/modules.php?op=modload&name=MDForum&file=viewtopic&t=30838
Popularity: 26% [?]
ohh..thx for the clarification..now i understood..
Alhamdulillah, the articel is usefull for you.
Assalamu’alaikum …
Tulisan yang bagus … Setau saya … Nabi Muhammad memang memperbolehkan memelihara anjing untuk keperluan berburu … Mudah-mudahan orang yang tidak ngerti dan merasa nggak bersalah ketika berlaku sewenang-wenang kepada anjing … dapat sadar jika membaca tulisan anda … Oh iya …. saya pernah denger cerita bahwa ada seorang (kalo nggak salah … wanita yah) yang masuk surga karena menolong anjing yang kehausan … Ada landasan hadistnya nggak … ? … Thanks … Salam kenal yah …
Yugo
Wa’alaikumsalam,
Salam kenal kembali Yugo. Memang ada hadistnya cerita perempuan itu. Tapi saya lupa yang mana. Nantilah saya coba cari lagi. Itulah tujuan saya sebenarnya, bahwa anjing juga makhluk ciptaan Allah swt, dimana kita tidak boelh bersikap semena-mena terhadap anjing.
Lucu jga ..ngpain nabi menyuruh mensucikn brbda dgn jiltn anjing..kl dpikir tntu aq milih imam syafi’i lbh rasional..kl smua mahluq dah suci,ngpain disuruh mensucikn..masuk akal g?
Yasmui. Ketika mengeluarkan hukum dalam agama Islam, bukan akal saja yang dipakai, tapi harus ada ilmu-ilmu penunjang terlebih dahulu seperti ilmu hadist, tafsir, ushul fiqh, dsb. Setelah itu barulah akal boleh digunakan.
[...] Ini salah satu artikel yang saya kutip dari http://blog.wiemasen.com/2009/05/19/apakah-anjing-itu-najis/ [...]
so,knp nabi menyuruh mensucikn berbeda?
Tulisan anda mengenai NU sangat tendensius…dasar2nya jga anda kutip dari orang2 yg bnci pada NU..dah g jaman x saling mencemooh..coz,orang2 tsb tidak lbh pandaì dari imam syafi’i..
Terima kasih!!
keren!sy stuju anjing tdk najis.dan mlihara anjing tdk apa2 kl sbg pnjaga or ngburu.krn dlm crita ashabul kahfi,pmuda yg djamin oleh Allah msk surga yg brnama tamlikha memiliki anjing yg brnama qithmir,yg ktika oleh tman2 tamlikha dminta utk dbuang,tiba2 qithmir brkata’hai orang-orang, mengapa kalian hendak mengusirku, padahal aku ini bersaksi tiada tuhan selain Allah, tak ada sekutu apa pun bagi-Nya. Biarlah aku menjaga kalian dari musuh, dan dengan berbuat demikian aku mendekatkan diriku kepada Allah s.w.t.’
dan kl tdk slh,anjing adl hewan yg djamin oleh Allah mnjadi hewan prtama msk surga.nah loh!?gw aj kgak taw bkl msk surga or nraka..
so,mari qt saling menghrgai n nghormatin prbdaan qta.
Aku mau tanya, untuk mencuci dari airliur anjing itu menggunakan tanah yang seperti apa yang dimaksud? Apa seperti tayamum begitu? Bukankah tanah itu juga kotor? Thx
posting ini mungkin salah satu alasan mengapa Allah menjadikan Liur anjing sebagai Hadast Besar, yang sampai sekrang belum bisa dijelaskan oleh banyak alim ulama..
Buat yang malas translate
intinya anjing adalah kemungkinan (Banyak penyangkalan dari reseacher lain..jadi masih harus dibilang mungkin) sebagai salah satu pembawa atau penyebar aliran perpindahan virus mouse mammary tumor (MMTV), seperti juga penyebaranr microbes, yang menjadi salah satu partisipan pada pembentukan pertama karsinogenesis pada manusia melalui air liur anjing dan air embusan dari hidunganya anjing. .
Virus MMTV adalah salah satu faktor resiko peningkatan kanker payudara di negara negara barat.
link jurnal yang di bawah menunjukkan persamaan karakteristik sel sel kanker payudara yang diidap pada anjing (hewan terbesar menderita kanker payudara) dengan sel sel kanker payudara yang ada pada manusia yang diteliti di Indiana university amerika.
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/537495
From Medscape Medical News
Could Dogs Pose a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer?
Zosia Chustecka
June 28, 2006 — Breast cancer patients were twice as likely to have kept a dog as a pet in the past 10 years than age-matched controls in a small study conducted by researchers at the University of Munich, Germany. They suggest that dogs may offer a route of transmission for the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), as well as other microbes, which could participate in the first steps of carcinogenesis in humans. Writing in the June issue of Medical Hypotheses, they speculate that pet dogs harboring such risk factors offers a possible explanation for the increase in breast cancer in Western countries and its correlation with a higher standard of living.
Asked to comment on the paper, Jennifer Wheler, MD, special fellow at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, said, “This is a controversial area of research.” The hypothesis is not new, as there have been scientific papers in the past suggesting that MMTV or MMTV-like organisms may contribute to the development of breast cancer. However, she told Medscape: “This is a hypothesis that requires much more study.”
In the United Kingdom, where several newspapers picked up the story about a potential link between dogs and breast cancer, cancer charity spokespersons were dismissive. Kat Arney, MD, information officer for Cancer Research in London, commented: “There is currently no scientific evidence to support the suggestion that women can get breast cancer from contact with dogs. This study was very small and does not take other factors into account.” Sarah Rawlings, from Breakthrough Breast Cancer in London, pointed out that the researchers have not shown that the dogs “carried the virus, let alone that the virus moves from dogs to people, so we find it difficult to support this study and advise all dog lovers not to worry.”
Patients Consulted for Immunotherapy
The researchers were based at the Institute of Immunology, at a clinic within Munich University Medical School, where they regularly ask consulting patients whether they keep household pets to identify zoonotic factors. From a group of 69 women with breast cancer who consulted on immunotherapy, they found that 26 patients (37%) had a dog at the time of consultation and throughout the previous 10 years. Using data collected for a public opinion poll held locally, the researchers found 1320 age-matched controls, of whom 195 (14.8%) had dogs. They report a relative risk of 3.5 (P = .0000003).
The researchers note that there were further associations with dogs that were not included in this statistical analysis. An additional 11 patients with breast cancer had kept a dog at some stage in the past 10 years but did not have one at the time of consultation, and 16 patients had intensive contact with dogs. Two further patients had received dog bites. “Taken together, 79.9% of all patients had intensive contact with dogs before the diagnosis of breast cancer, encompassing a time period up to 30 years,” the researchers note.
No significance differences were found with regard to keeping cats as pets (20.6% of breast cancer patients vs 21% of controls).
From Mice to Dogs to Humans?
MMTV, an oncogenic B retrovirus that can induce breast cancer in mice, has been known for more than 30 years, but whether it is a risk factor for human breast cancer remains a “tantalizing” question, the researchers comment. Many groups have found MMTV-like sequences highly expressed in human breast cancer, but 2 previous studies did not, they point out.
The researchers of the current study note that in Western countries, a high incidence of cancer has been correlated with the dominance of a particular mouse strain, Mus domesticus. Dogs may offer a route of transmission for MMTV as well as other viruses and bacteria, the researchers suggest. With dogs’ noses often close to the ground, they may inhale infectious excretions from small animals such as mice and could pass along viruses to their human owners without succumbing to cancer themselves, although the group points out that breast cancer occurs frequently in dogs.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071115181808.htm
Similarities In Dog And Human Breast Cancer Pre-Malignant Lesions Found
ScienceDaily (Nov. 16, 2007) — Pre-malignant mammary lesions in dogs and humans display many of the same characteristics, a discovery that could lead to better understanding of breast cancer progression and prevention for people and pets, said a Purdue University scientist from the School of Veterinary Medicine.
A group of scientists including Sulma Mohammed have found similarities between benign lesions that are considered to carry risk for developing breast cancer in both canines and humans. Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women.
“Dogs develop these lesions spontaneously in contrast to other available models and are exposed to the same environmental risk factors as humans,” said Mohammed, an associate professor in comparative pathobiology. “These shared features make the dog an ideal model to compare the breast lesions that will progress to cancer and those that will regress. Such a model will facilitate customized treatment and prevention strategies.”
Due to the success of mammographic screening and awareness by women, abnormal cell growth within breast tissues is frequently diagnosed, Mohammed said. These intraepithelial lesions are recognized risk factors for invasive cancer, and their presence affects patient management decisions.
“Once a lesion is identified, it can be treated with hormonal therapy if it is estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, but for low-risk and ER-negative lesions, we can’t do anything but wait and watch to see if it grows into a tumor,” Mohammed said. “With a dog model, we could study these lesions and test different prevention modalities before it becomes a cancer.”
The scientists studied 212 tissue biopsies from 200 female dogs with tumors that were retrieved from the archives of the Purdue Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory and the Veterinary Teaching Hospital as well as from the Institute of General Pathology and Anatomical Pathology at Sassari University.
The canine slides were compared to human specimens collected from the Department of Pathology at the IU School of Medicine. Mohammed said the focus of the study was not on the tumor but on the precancerous, or preneoplasia, lesions in tissue around the tumor.
“We found that preneoplasia lesions are virtually identical, microscopically, in dogs and women,” she said. “In fact, many of the slides were so similar it was often difficult to determine if they were from dogs or people without looking at the label.”
In particular, Mohammed said, they wanted to examine each type of mammary intraepithelial lesion for estrogen receptors expression. Recently, scientists have concluded that breast cancer is not a single disease, but a group of malignancies.
“Establishing an animal model is paramount for testing new treatment and prevention modalities, especially for lesions that express none of the targeted receptors, such as triple-negative types, before human clinical trials,” Mohammed said.
The team determined that because of the frequency of lesions, their association with spontaneous mammary cancer and the resemblance to human lesions, dogs may be the ideal model to study human breast cancer progression as well as prevention and treatment. Mohammed emphasized that the research results would benefit both dogs and humans.
According to the American Cancer Society, 62,030 cases of precancerous malignant lesions and 178,480 new cases of breast cancer will be diagnosed. There will be 70,880 women who die from breast cancer this year.
Much of the difficulty in research on dogs with breast cancer is that the data is outdated, Mohammed said. According to a 1969 study of female dogs over 4 years old that were not spayed, one out of four were expected to develop mammary neoplasia, or abnormal cell growth that may progress to cancer. Thirty percent to 50 percent of canine mammary tumors were malignant, and 50 percent to 75 percent of these recurred or metastasized within one to two years.
“Women have become more aware and conscientious of conducting their own breast self-exams, and pet owners also are more aware to check their animals,” Mohammed said. “With better diagnostic tools and early detection, we are able to give dogs the same treatment that we give humans.”
Mohammed said the dogs provide a more realistic comparison to humans than the mice and rat models, in part because the tumors developed spontaneously, just as in humans. Dogs have been evaluated in a few studies, but rodent research is more common, she said.
“This is a very large, untapped resource for comparative oncology research,” Mohammed said. “Unlike laboratory rodents, dogs share a common environment with people and, therefore, may be exposed to some of the same carcinogens. Also, because dogs have a shorter life span than people, it is possible to study mammary lesions and invasive tumors that develop after a few years instead of decades.”
Miller, a veterinary pathologist in the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, said that mammary cancer in dogs is one of the most common forms of cancer studied at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory.
“We already had hundreds of mammary tumor specimens archived in the diagnostic laboratory,” Miller said. “It’s a wonderful thing when we’re able to collaborate with other departments at Purdue and Indiana University with these specimens. There’s so much to be learned from these types of studies.”
Tissue samples are kept indefinitely at the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, but most of the samples in this study were less than a year old, she said. The records kept for each sample provide opportunities for follow up if necessary in future studies.
“Diseases such as this are important to a diagnostic laboratory,” Miller said. “Through diagnostic pathology, we gain knowledge that’s useful for veterinarians and animals, as well as collecting information that’s helpful for people.”
The main form of treatment of breast cancer tumors has been surgical removal. Both Mohammed and Miller would like to find out if there is a way to identify the lesion early with noninvasive screening, such as ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging.
As a next step, Mohammed will determine the prevalence of lesions in dogs with no tumors. In addition, she and Miller are looking at cats, which have a 90 percent malignancy rate when they are diagnosed with breast cancer.
The research appears in the Journal of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Prevention. Mohammed’s co-authors include Sunil Badve from Indiana University; Margaret (Peg) Miller, Jun Xie and Elisabetta Antuofermo from Purdue; and Salvatore Pirino from the Sassari University School of Veterinary Medicine in Sardinia, Italy. This research was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense.
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